As early as the patient can comfortably bear weight through the affected knee, proprioceptive exercises should be initiated. These improve the stimuli within the body relating to position and movement.
A Guide to Proprioceptive Exercises
Wobble board exercises to improve proprioception. The patient should balance on the affected leg for 1 minute, then rest. This can be repeated several times.

Proprioceptive exercises using the gymnastic ball. The patient should balance on the affected leg for 1 minute, then rest. This can be repeated several times.

More advanced proprioceptive exercises using the gymnastic ball. The patient balances on the affected foot with their weight against the gymnastic ball. This can be done with the knee joint at various angles, from straight to bent, according to what the patient can stand. Whilst in these positions the therapist throws the ball and the patient has to balance. 3 sets of 20 catches are normally done, with a rest in between each set.
Range of knee motion can be increased through cycling and wall sliding exercises.

Wall sliding exercises to increase knee range of motion involve sliding the foot up and down as shown. The patient will normally be instructed to perform 5 sets of 20 repetitions.

Once the portals from the arthrosopic surgery have healed and the surgeon has given the go-ahead, exercises in water can begin. These have the advantage of improving and maintaining knee joint range of motion and also strengthening the joint without putting weight through the joint.
Pool exercises are excellent once the surgeon indicates the wounds have healed sufficiently.

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